Generic methods on Stack using Class Template

Write a C++ Program to implement Generic methods on Stack using Class Template. Here’s a Simple C++ Program to implement Generic methods on Stack using Class Template in C++ Programming Language.

What are Templates in C++ ?

Templates are the foundation of generic programming, which involves writing code in a way that is independent of any particular type.

A template is a blueprint or formula for creating a generic class or a function. The library containers like iterators and algorithms are examples of generic programming and have been developed using template concept.

There is a single definition of each container, such as vector, but we can define many different kinds of vectors for example, vector <int> or vector <string>..

Function Template :

The general form of a template function definition is shown here:

template <class type> ret-type func-name(parameter list)

{
// body of function
}

Class Template :

Just as we can define function templates, we can also define class templates. The general form of a generic class declaration is shown here:

template <class type> class class-name

{
.
.
.
}

Below is the source code for C++ Program to implement Generic methods on Stack using Class Template which is successfully compiled and run on Windows System to produce desired output as shown below :

SOURCE CODE : :

/*  C++ Program to implement Generic methods on Stack using Class Template  */

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>

using namespace std;

template <class T>
class Stack { 
   private: 
      vector<T> elems;     // elements 

   public: 
      void push(T const&);  // push element 
      void pop();               // pop element 
      T top() const;            // return top element 
      bool empty() const{       // return true if empty.
         return elems.empty(); 
      } 
}; 

template <class T>
void Stack<T>::push (T const& elem) { 
   // append copy of passed element 
   elems.push_back(elem);    
} 

template <class T>
void Stack<T>::pop () { 
   if (elems.empty()) { 
      throw out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack"); 
   }
        
   // remove last element 
   elems.pop_back();         
} 

template <class T>
T Stack<T>::top () const { 
   if (elems.empty()) { 
      throw out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack"); 
   }
        
   // return copy of last element 
   return elems.back();      
} 

int main() { 
   try { 
      Stack<int>         intStack;  // stack of ints 
      Stack<string> stringStack;    // stack of strings 

      // manipulate int stack 
      intStack.push(16); 
      cout << intStack.top() <<endl; 

      // manipulate string stack 
      stringStack.push("codezclub"); 
      cout << stringStack.top() << std::endl; 
      stringStack.pop();  
   }catch (exception const& ex) { 
      cerr << "Exception: " << ex.what() <<endl; 
      return -1;
   } 
}

OUTPUT : :

/*  C++ Program to implement Generic methods on Stack using Class Template  */

16
codezclub

Process returned 0

Above is the source code and output for C++ Program to implement Generic methods on Stack using Class Template which is successfully compiled and run on Windows System to produce desired output.

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