Directed Graph through DFS recursively with comments
Write a C Program for Traversing a Directed Graph through DFS recursively. Here’s simple Program for Traversing a Directed Graph through DFS recursively, with comments displayed in output.
Depth First Search (DFS)
Depth First Search (DFS) algorithm traverses a graph in a depthward motion and uses a stack to remember to get the next vertex to start a search, when a dead end occurs in any iteration.
It employs the following rules.
- Rule 1 − Visit the adjacent unvisited vertex. Mark it as visited. Display it. Push it in a stack.
- Rule 2 − If no adjacent vertex is found, pop up a vertex from the stack. (It will pop up all the vertices from the stack, which do not have adjacent vertices.)
- Rule 3 − Repeat Rule 1 and Rule 2 until the stack is empty.
We shall not see the implementation of Depth First Traversal (or Depth First Search) in C programming language
Also Read : : C Program to implement BFS Algorithm for Connected Graph
Below is the source code for C Program for Traversing a Directed Graph through DFS recursively, with comments displayed in output which is successfully compiled and run on Windows System to produce desired output as shown below :
SOURCE CODE : :
/* C Program for traversing a directed graph through DFS recursively, with comments displayed in the output */ #include<stdio.h> #define MAX 100 #define initial 1 #define visited 2 #define finished 3 int n; /*Number of vertices in the graph */ int adj[MAX][MAX]; void create_graph( ); int state[MAX]; void DF_Traversal(); void DFS(int v); int main() { create_graph(); DF_Traversal(); return 0; }/*End of main()*/ void DF_Traversal() { int v; for(v=0; v<n; v++) state[v] = initial; printf("\nEnter starting vertex for Depth First Search : "); scanf("%d",&v); DFS(v); for(v=0; v<n; v++) { if(state[v] == initial) DFS(v); } printf("\n"); }/*End of DF_Traversal( )*/ void DFS(int v) { int i; state[v] = visited; printf("\nDFS(%d) called \n", v); for(i=0; i<n; i++) { if( adj[v][i] == 1 ) { if(state[i] == initial ) { printf("\n-- %d is adjacent to %d and initial\n", i, v); DFS(i); } } } state[v] = finished; printf("\nVertex %d finished\n", v); }/*End of DFS()*/ void create_graph() { int i,max_edges,origin,destin; printf("\nEnter number of vertices : "); scanf("%d",&n); max_edges = n*(n-1); for(i=1;i<=max_edges;i++) { printf("\nEnter edge %d( -1 -1 to quit ) : ",i); scanf("%d %d",&origin,&destin); if( (origin == -1) && (destin == -1) ) break; if( origin >= n || destin >= n || origin<0 || destin<0) { printf("\nInvalid edge!\n"); i--; } else { adj[origin][destin] = 1; } } }
OUTPUT : :
/* C Program for traversing a directed graph through DFS recursively, with comments displayed in the output */ Enter number of vertices : 5 Enter edge 1( -1 -1 to quit ) : 0 1 Enter edge 2( -1 -1 to quit ) : 0 2 Enter edge 3( -1 -1 to quit ) : 0 3 Enter edge 4( -1 -1 to quit ) : 1 3 Enter edge 5( -1 -1 to quit ) : 3 4 Enter edge 6( -1 -1 to quit ) : 2 4 Enter edge 7( -1 -1 to quit ) : -1 -1 Enter starting vertex for Depth First Search : 0 DFS(0) called -- 1 is adjacent to 0 and initial DFS(1) called -- 3 is adjacent to 1 and initial DFS(3) called -- 4 is adjacent to 3 and initial DFS(4) called Vertex 4 finished Vertex 3 finished Vertex 1 finished -- 2 is adjacent to 0 and initial DFS(2) called Vertex 2 finished Vertex 0 finished Process returned 0
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